Omutemo womedias domoshigwana moNamibia noombelewa mbali dokuvelula kumwe moAmazonia yaColombia otadi monika di li momikunda da yooloka.

MoNamibia, ohatu mono omaradio, omalaka omoshitukulwa, omilandu doveta noomaliko a pumbiwa opo media di kale tadi longo. MoColombia, ovakainhu va kala va mona oixuna yomukoko otava penda, tava tunga noondjato, tava limi omiti domiti, ndele tava tungulula po omakwatafano a nyonwa komukoko.

Oinima ei ayihe otai popi kombinga yoinima ya pumbiwa opo edimbuluko li kale li na omwenyo. Oradio yomoshigwana otai yandja omhito komalaka a kala a tilwa po komedia donational. Oinima yokupewa, okutunga, okulima nokukwashafana otai ningi omikalo dokuvelula po oihuna yomukoko.

Artificial intelligence, ile AI, otai eta oshilonga shimwe sha wedwa po. Omalaka a rekodwa koradio otaa dulu okuninga linguistic corpora. Oinima ya tungwa, omahokololo nomauyelele omiti otaa dulu okuninga digital archives. Ashike AI kai lihongo ashike. Otai yandulula, otai kwatakanifa, ndele otai dulu yo okuhonga nayi ile okunyola osho sha puka. Oshikogo shomakompiuta osho tashi diladila kutya kashi na omutumba, osha pumbwa omalusheno, omeva, oipalwa, oochip, omalanga omakompiuta noodata centres.

Edimbuluko la digital ola hala yo edu.

Namibia noomaliko a pumbiwa opo ku popiwe

MoApilili 2026, Namibia okwa tambula Community Media Policy ya 2026–2030. Omutemo ou wa longwa nelombwelo laUNESCO, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia pamwe naNational Community Broadcasters Network.

Omutemo ou ota kondjo okuyandja omushangwa nomikalo da pumbiwa komedia domoshigwana. Oomaradio omoshitukulwa otadi popi momalaka omoshigwana, otadi kwatakanifa omikunda donale nomutumba wopublic, ndele otadi yandja omhito kovantu ovo hava kala va tila po momapopyo onational.

Pefimbo lokuninga omutemo, ova li va yandja omadiladilo okudja komaliko a government advertising, okutunga ehangano lonational tali kwafele media, nokuwedela Universal Access and Service Fund opo i kwafele oinima yoradio, omakompiuta nomakwatafano. Opepa laUNESCO otali ulike kutya omadiladilo oo okwa li a li po, ashike itali lombwele nawa kutya otaa ka longifwa ngahelipi momutemo wa xulifwa.

Ned Sibeya, okuNational Planning Commission, okwa tumbula community media “omutima woshigwana shaNamibia”. Oitya ei oya pumbwa okudiladilwa. Oradio yomoshigwana kai li ashike omukalo wokuyandja oindaba. Ota dulu okuninga omhito omo oshigwana tashi pwilikine eshi tashi popi, tashi dimbuluka elaka lasho, ndele tashi tokola osho sha fimana.

Ashike formalisation otai eta yo oshipala shimwe. Omilandu domahangano otadi popi kombinga yokukala po, capacity, professional work nogovernance. Oinima ei oya pumbiwa, shaashi media domoshigwana ohadi kala tadi longo nomaliko manini. Ngeenge kape na omaliko a tula po, oinima, noilonga i na ondjambi ya yela, etambulo koveta otali dulu okukala oitya ashike.

Ashike capacity-building nayo kai li inima ya kala po i na ombili. Omunhu oku na okutokola kutya elaka lilipi tali monika “professional”, omukalo ulipi woradio tau monika wa yela, netungilo lilipi tali monika la kola. Omutemo wa ningilwa okupopila media domoshigwana ota dulu yo okudjala omikalo odo wa li wa hala okupopila.

Okuhepa omaliko kape na okufanekwa ngenge autonomy. Omaliko manini otaa imbi oradio ikale tai longo efimbo lile, ndele otaa wedela dependence kugovernment, kovayandji vomadvertising ile kodonors. Ndele yo, omikalo dimwe da informal organisation oda kwafela oshigwana okukala shi na omikalo dasho dokuhepa, dokuudafana nokutokola, nomikalo odo ihadi pewa omhito momahangano makulu.

Oshipala shoinima osho okuyandja omaliko, ashike ino ninga ekwafo omukalo wokutameka nokupangela elaka loshigwana.

AIthropology Lab key point — Media sovereignty kai li ashike okuninga frequency yoradio. Osha hala yo omaliko nomhito yokukala to popi momukalo woye, ino shintulula elaka olo opo li pandulwe kovanhu tava futu, tava pangela ile tava pima.

Amazonia yaColombia nomalovu taa tungwa noondjato

Mo Medical Anthropology, omushangwa “Survivors, Artists, and Healers: Collective Healings of Ecological and War-Related Wounds in the Colombian Amazon”, wa César E. Abadía-Barrero pamwe novanyoli vakwao, otau konakona oilonga ya ningwa novakainhu va ponokelwa komukoko moAmazonia yaColombia.

Okupenda, okutunga noondjato nokuninga installation oya yandja omhito yokupopya omalovu, omahepeko nomadiladilo kombinga yonakwafimbo. Oinima ei kai li shipu okuiteya moomikalo dounamiti domahangano. Oilonga oya xulifwa mu Casa Común, oshitungwa tashi kwatakanifa edimbuluko lomunhu umwe nomoshigwana ashishe.

Moitunga ohatu mono omapambele novanhu vakwao, ashike ohatu mono yo omiti, oinamwenyo, omilonga noedu laAmazonia. Okuvelula kaku ulike ashike omunhu umwe. Otaku ningwa mokukwatakana novanhu vakwao pamwe noedu olo nalo la hepekwa komukoko.

Edu kali li ashike oshikandjo omo omukoko wa endela. Edu ola ninga oshitsa shoshihuna. Okufuduka, okuhanagulwa kwekwatano ledu, okupondola po oikulya nokukula kwa kwatafano lomoshigwana oinima ei ayihe oya kwatathana.

Omushangwa umwe wa Vanesa Giraldo-Gärtner, Sandra González Sanabria naEdna Rocío Cortés Guzmán, “Plantas medicinales que sanan heridas de guerra: una experiencia de reconciliación interespecie”, otau konakona okulima omiti domiti moCaquetá ngenge omukalo wokutunga ombili.

Omiti otadi ningi ovakwafeli mokati kovanhu va li victims, persons excombatants novalimi vomoshigwana. Otava dulu okutunga natango oukwatya, ekwatathano nomikalo dokupepa. Okulima, okuvelula nokudimbuluka inashi kala natango oinima ya yooloka. Omuti kau li ashike oinima ya chemistry. Ounongo wawo otau kala pamwe nomalombwelo, omaliudo, efimbo nomilandu dokuutalela.

Ongushu yoilonga ei kai di metambulo la “professional art” ile momarket. Otai di mefimbo olo ovanhu tava li kumwe, momikalo odo tava endulula, nokumhito yokukala pamwe.

Oshitunga shondjato otashi dulu okuninga art, ashike osha ninga yo ekwatafano.

AIthropology Lab key point — Repair kai ningwa ashike ngeenge ehangano ola tambula kutya oshiponga osha ningwa. Otai ningwa yo moilonga ya kalelela, omo oshigwana tashi kwatakanifa natango omalutu, edimbuluko, omiti noedu.

Efimbo loprojekta nefimbo lokuvelula

Omutemo waNamibia ou li momukalo wefimbo la yela, 2026–2030. Owa pumbwa omaliko, omalalakano, indicators nomafiku okupiwa oshipimo. Eli olo efimbo la linear lopublic planning.

Okuvelula kweedu moColombia taku ende nomukalo umwe wa yooloka. Otaku shikula okulima, edimbuluko tali shuna, omikalo domwenyo nokutungwa kashona-kashona koukwatya. Kaku na okuninga guarantee mefimbo loprojekta.

Omikalo mbali dofimbo oda pumbiwa, ashike kai li dinima imwe.

Ehangano ola pumbwa okulongela komeho. Oshigwana osha pumbwa okukala tashi twikile naasho budget, cooperation project ile research ya xula. Oshipala otashi holoka ngeenge efimbo loadministration tali hala okushitwa efimbo lomwenyo.

Omahangano ohaa pima oilonga ya xulifwa, ovanhu va li mo, omishangwa da nyolwa nomauyelele a monika. Oshigwana otashi dulu okupima elaka la shunifwa po, ekwatafano la kala po, ile omhito yokushuna kombinga imwe ino tila.

Ngeenge indicator ya shita process, osho tashi kale pondje yocalendar otashi monika ngenge oshiponga.

Oitya tai dimine

Mu Anthropology News, Sarah Duignan ota konakona omilandu dokuimbi oitya momapekapeko ounamiti needu moUnited States momushangwa “Erasing Words, Erasing Health”.

Omushangwa otau popi oitya ngaashi Indigenous community, climate change, gender-based violence, women, pollution, safe drinking water, sociocultural na accessible. Ngeenge oitya ei ya dimine, kai li ashike elaka loshinyolwa tali shintwa. Otashi ningi yo shipu okuhakulonga omapulo amwe nokunyola omahepeko amwe.

Epekapeko itali dulu okutumbula Indigenous community, omeva a nyika ile gender-based violence itali ningi neutral. Otali ningi epekapeko itali dulu okumona omakwatafano taa eta oshiponga.

Eitya keshe ya kufwa otai pataleke epulo. Osho inashi dulu okutumbulwa otashi ningi shidjuu okumona, okupima nokupopila. Epuluko lounongo olo Duignan ta popi ola kwatafana nomukalo umwe munene. Omalandulafano oadministration nodigital otaa tokola osho tashi dulu okumonika ngenge oshili tashi leshwa.

Oshihopaenenwa eshi otashi kwatakanifa Namibia naColombia. Elaka itali ka koradio onational otali kanifa omhito yalyo momapopyo opublic. Ekwatafano lomaliudo, lombepo ile lounamiti needu, ngeenge itali i mofomu, otali dulu okukala pondje yomilandu yokupanga.

Okukala inashi monika otaku tungwa yo komaklasifikasiyo.

Ngeenge omalaka taa ningi data

AI otai dulu okukulika omhito ya community media. Oomashina dotranscription notranslation otadi dulu okukwafela omaprogram a tamba momalaka omoshitukulwa, okukulika accessibility nokukwafela okungungumuna omarekodwo.

Otadi dulu yo okuunganeka archives dedimbuluko, biodiversity ile community health.

Ashike omhito ei otai shikula kutya olye a tunga omashina, olye ta pangela data, naani ta mona omauwanawa.

Oshinyolwa sha Associated Press naGrist kombinga ya United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues ya 2026 otashi ulike oshipala shombili. AI otai dulu okukwafela revitalisation yomalaka nokutalela edu, ashike otai dulu yo okukufa omahokololo, ounongo womiti, genetic information nodata yedu inaku pewa epitiko.

CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance otadi yandja oinima ine ya fimana. Collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility naethics. Otadi popi kutya okukala data tai dulu okamonika, tai dulu okukalelwa po nokulongifwa natango, kashi na okuwana. Osha pumbwa yo okutala omahepeko onale, elalakano lokukonga data, nepitiko loshigwana kounongo washo.

Eshi osha kwatafana nghee noihopaenenwa ei mbali.

Omaprogram koradio yomoshigwana moNamibia otaa dulu okuninga training data. Model otai dulu okuhonga oitya, elaka nomahokololo omoshitukulwa okuza moilonga yomido dihapu. Ashike okutya rekodwa oli po kashi ti kutya epitiko lokulilongifa natango ola pewa.

MoAmazonia yaColombia, oitunga, omahokololo nounongo womiti otaa dulu yo okuninga digital. Ngeenge ya yoololwa kovanhu ovo va i tunga, system otai dulu oku i ninga visual patterns, emotional categories ile information i na okulongifwa.

Digital extraction otai tameke ngeenge ounongo tau dulu okukopiwa, ashike omilandu nomakwatafano a li pamwe nawo otaa kufwa po.

Oshikogo osha hala omeva

Oitya cloud otai ningi shi monike kutya kape na omalutu. Otai monika ngenge oshitukulwa inashi na edu, omufindo ile oinima ya kwata.

Ashike kape na AI ngeenge kape na data centres, ndele kape na data centres ngeenge kape na omalusheno. Oreport yaInternational Energy Agency Energy and AI otai konakona omalusheno a pumbiwa kuAI noilanduliko yawo kounamiti womalusheno, emissions nomutengo.

United Nations Environment Programme otai wedamo kutya data centres otadi longifa omeva okufudifa oinima, otadi eta electronic waste, ndele otadi pumbwa critical minerals na rare earths, odo okukongwa kwado tashi dulu okuhanagula edu. Okutunga oochip noomashina osha pumbwa yo oipalwa ihapu.

Oshipala eshi otashi monika nawa.

Oshigwana moNamibia naColombia otashi dulu okulonga digitalisation opo shi popile elaka, shi kaleke edimbuluko ile shi popile edu. Ashike ngeenge data oyo ya tula moinfrastruktura yaAI yoomakampani, otashi kwatakanifa yo na system tai longifa omalusheno, omeva noipalwa.

AI kai lihongo ashike kedu. Oya pumbwa yo edu opo i kale po.

Kape na omukalo wa yuka nghee oku kwatakanifa file imwe yoradio nomina imwe, ile oshitunga shimwe no data centre imwe. Infrastructure otai longo mochain yanghele yedu, odo di li shidjuu okushikula. Osho osho shi li kutya oitya cloud otai kwafela opolitiki. Otai yoolola oinima ya monika kashi na omalutu, ngaashi okukaleka file, koinima yedu ya pumbiwa opo file oyo i kale po.

Technology tashi popiwa ngenge omukalo wokupopila edimbuluko otashi dulu okukala tashi shikula extraction model tai nyonauka edu olo la pumbiwa opo edimbuluko li kale nomwenyo.

Digital sovereignty osha pumbwa okutala pangelo yodata, omunhu ta yandja omalusheno, omeva taa longifwa, efimbo lomashina, noipalwa omo ya tunga oinima.

AIthropology Lab key point — Data sovereignty kai wana ngeenge kaku na epulo kombinga ya energy sovereignty, water sovereignty na mineral sovereignty yinfrastructure tai longo data.

Omashina ohaa hanga yo

Oshiponga kashi xuli komukufelo wounongo.

Generative systems ihadi kufa edimbuluko ngaashi archive. Otadi tunga omatwiilio shi shikula omakwatafano omastatistics mokati koipambu. Osho otashi ti kutya otadi dulu okuudifa mo omukunda u na sha, okunyonga omalaka a yooloka, ile okuyandja ngenge oshili oitya oyo inai kala po.

Omapekapeko Multilingual Hallucination Gaps in Large Language Models na Investigating Hallucination in Conversations for Low Resource Languages otaa ulike kutya omapuko nohallucinations ihadi kala da faafana momalaka aeshe. Performance otai yooloka shi shikula elaka, data i li po nelalakano loshilonga.

Eshi otashi eta oshiponga shimwe. Melaka li na omishangwa dinini, etwiilio tali monika la yela otali dulu okunyonga variants, okutula mo omilandu delaka linene ile okuhanga oitya tai monika ya fa oshili. Omuntu inashi kala moshigwana shilaka otashi dulu oku i tambula ngenge oshili.

Omashina kage na ashike okukufa edimbuluko. Otaa dulu yo okutunga simulacro yedimbuluko olo.

Ngeenge etwiilio lomashina ola tamba unene kombada yomahokololo oshigwana, epuko otali dulu okuninga authority shi shikula okwendulula, visibility nomhito yokulimonena. Elaka li na digital presence inini otali dulu okuninga represented komukalo wa probabilistic wa model, ponhele yovanhu.

Technological preservation otai dulu okuninga accidental replacement.

Epitiko lokuhana longa data

Data sovereignty otai popiwa unene ngenge epitiko lokupangela olye ta konga information, openi tai kalekwa noyelalakano lilipi tai longifwa.

Ashike ope na epitiko limwe tali uya tete. Epitiko lokuhana ninga data.

Hayi li ounongo aushe wa pumbwa okurekoda mefimbo alishe. Omwenyo, eholamo, elongo tali pewa kovantu vanini, nomhito ya yooloka otaa dulu okuninga omikalo dokupepa. Omahokololo amwe ohaa pewa pefimbo limwe, kovantu vamwe, momakwatafano a na omilandu.

Local Contexts otai yandja omukalo wokulongifa osho. Traditional Knowledge Labels otadi dulu okulombwela omilandu yoshigwana, ngaashi seasonal restrictions, secret ile sacred material, limited access, community-only use na non-commercial use.

Okurekoda ceremony otashi shintulula ceremony. Okutula ounongo womeholamo muarchive otashi shintulula nghee ounongo oo wa kala po.

Oshigwana moNamibia osha pumbwa okukala shi na epitiko okutya program imwe inai rekodwa, ile ehokololo limwe itali ka mucorpus yelaka. Omukainhu moCaquetá osha pumbwa okukala ta tungu noondjato, oshilonga shaye inashi ya mobank yomaimage opo shi hongife emotion-recognition systems.

Authority yodata otai kwata mo yo omhito yokukondolola circulation.

Ohatu dulu okutumbula eshi epitiko lokufuta mo mudigital. Osho oshidjuu oshigwana shi na okukala nawa okutunda mo mocircuits docapture, okuimbi longifo linwe, okupula deletion yomarekodwo, nokukaleka omikalo dimwe pondje yalgorithms.

Eshi kashi li ashike privacy yomunhu umwe. Osho cultural na territorial sovereignty.

Opacity kai li ignorance ile okuhepa ounongo. Otashi dulu okuninga oshinima sha pumbiwa opo ounongo u kale u li womakwatafano a u kaleke.

Ota dulu AI okukwafela oshigwana shi lihongolole?

Ope na omhito imwe ya kwatakanifa oinima mbali.

Ponhele yokulongifa AI ashike okupopila tradition, oshigwana otashi dulu oku i longifa okutala omapopyo a tula mo kocolonialism, komukoko ile kobureaucracy mumaarchives. Otashi dulu okukwaafaneka omido domaprogram oradio, omishangwa yoadministration nomambo omasukulilo, opo shi mone efimbo omo oitya imwe ya shita omikalo dimwe dokuulika edu.

Tool tai pangelwa koshigwana otai dulu yo okumona stereotypes, omahole nomalaka a kala e na epangelo muarchive.

Momukalo ou, AI otai dulu okukwafela moprocess yokulihongolola.

Ashike algorithm kai dulu okutokola kutya oshitsa shilipi shelaka osho “authentic”, ile okuyoolola yene osho sha dja moshigwana nosho sha tula mo kovapangeli. Omalaka ohaa shintwa, ohaa kwatakanifa ovanhu, ndele ohaa kala nomukoko. Okuninga decolonisation automatic cleaning yelaka otashi dulu okutunga natango purism naveli.

Tool oyo otai dulu okuninga nawa ngeenge otai kala kombada yomatokolo oshigwana, otai tambula uncertainty, ndele otai pitika ovanhu va anye omauyelele ayo.

Cultural detox kai na okutya omashina taa longifa elaka “pamwe”. Ota ti okulonga AI ngenge tool yefimbo linini, opo i ulike omakwatafano epangelo, ndele oshigwana shi a yandulule pamwe.

AI otai dulu okukwafela okumona omalapa. Kai na okutokola omalapa a pumbwa okukufwa po.

Okuza kepitiko lokupopya fiyo kepitiko lokuhena mo

MoNamibia, mediation otai enda momutemo wopublic wa kwafelwa kehangano linternational. MoColombia, otai enda momalutu, moondjato, moitunga, moimbuto nomomiti.

AI otai wedamo translation imwe. Otai ningi omalaka, omaimage nomakwatafano units tai dulu okulonga.

Translation keshe otai pitika oshinima shi tamba, ashike otai dulu yo okukufa mo context. Osho epitiko lokupopya nepitiko ledu taa kwatakanifa nomapitiko makwao.

Epitiko lokutokola osho tashi ningi data.

Epitiko lokudimbulula infrastructure yoinima tai i longo.

Epitiko lokuyandulula nokulungika omapuko a ningwa komashina.

Epitiko lokudima, okupopya noinima, nokuhena mo.

Oradio kai li ashike collection yomaudio files. Oshitunga kashi li ashike image. Omuti womiti kau li ashike list yocompounds.

Oinima ei omakwatafano a kalekwa mefimbo.

Elesho laAIthropology Lab

Namibia ota tu dimbulukifa kutya elaka ola pumbwa media, omaliko noinfrastruktura opo li kale tali popiwa momutumba wopublic.

Colombia ota ulike kutya edimbuluko nokuvelula kashi na okuyoololwa komalutu, komefimbo lokupeleka nokuedu.

Materiality yaAI otai tu pula tu wedemo kutya digitalisation kai ningwa pondje yedu. File keshe tai longwa otai i moinfrastruktura tai longifa omalusheno, omeva, oipalwa noomashina.

Technological sovereignty kai na okukala ashike okutula omalaka mahapu momodel. Osha pumbwa pangelo yodata, okupima oiponga yoinima yedu, okukondolola omapuko nomasimulacro, nokukaleka ounongo umwe pondje yomashina.

AI tai pwilikine omalaka mahapu kai ningi ngaho plural.

Osha pumbwa yo okutambula kutya kai na epitiko lokupwilikina oinima aishe.

Sources